In 1922 the Treaty of Lausanne officially ended the First World War. One of the terms of the Treaty stated that - except for the areas of Thrace and Constantinople (present day Istanbul) - all Muslims in Greece were to be transferred to Turkey and all Orthodox Christians in Turkey were to be transferred to Greece. In this huge uprooting of many ancient peoples and cultures, the Greeks of Pontos were settled mostly in Macedonia. In many cases whole villages were moved together, for example, villagers from Matsouka to Kavala, those from Kars to Kilkis and so on.